Indicator: Access to full-day pre-K Breadcrumb Home Indicators Access To Full-day Pre-K Definition Children have access to full-day, publicly funded pre-K programs. Recommended Metric(s) Percentage of public pre-K programs that are six hours per day for five days per weekView CEDS ConnectionPercentage of public pre-K programs that are six hours per day for five days per weekCEDS Connections offer guidance, including data elements and step-by-step analysis recommendations, for how to calculate select metrics. Type(s) of Data Needed Administrative data Why it matters Attending a full-day pre-K program is linked to improved outcomes for students, including greater school readiness in language development, math, and reading.1, 2 Expanding access to full-day pre-K programs increases children’s enrollment in these programs. For example, after Chicago Public Schools expanded full-day pre-K, Black students’ enrollment these programs more than quadrupled. Expanding access to full-day pre-K can also raise mothers’ participation in the workforce. In Washington, DC, introducing universal access to full-day pre-K3 led to a 10-percentage point increase in mothers’ workforce participation rates, with even larger increases for Black mothers and those with low incomes.4 Although more White children are enrolled in preschool than any other group (43 percent, compared to 38 percent of Black children and 34 percent of Latino children), they are the least likely group to be enrolled in full-day programs.5 Enrollment in full-day (versus half-day) programs is more common in households where the mother works outside the home. However, access to affordable, full-day pre-K is still limited: among districts that offer publicly funded pre-K, less than half offer full-day programs.6 What to know about measurement Information on the duration of pre-K programs could be collected and compared across states. We recommend collecting this information to measure this indicator instead of relying on “full-day” versus “half-day” designations used by states and districts, which are based on varying definitions and are therefore less comparable.7 Our recommended metric is based on the definition used by Civil Rights Data Collection (CDRC), which gathers data from all public districts on whether they offer full-day or half-day pre-K programs. The CRDC publishes information at the district level, which is not sufficient to assess equitable access to full-day pre-K. Because many school districts offer both full-day and half-day programs, not all families necessarily have equitable access to full-day pre-K, even in districts that offer full-day programs (for example, if they do not live close to any of the schools that offer full-day pre-K). For this reason, it is important to collect information on duration at the program level. E-W Case Studies Image ImpactTulsa’s Child Equity Index ImpactTulsa partnered with Tulsa Public Schools to build a data visualization tool for exploring how environmental conditions vary across neighborhoods and their relationships to academic outcomes. View Case Study Source frameworks Three source frameworks reviewed for this report included a measure of access to pre-K. Our proposed approach to measuring both program quality and length of school day aligns with the approach taken in the P-16 framework, which notes that “students who attend high-quality full-day pre-kindergarten are better prepared for kindergarten.” References 7Holt, A. (2014). Making the hours count. New America. https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/policy-papers/making-the-hours-count/ 1Atteberry, A., Bassok, D., & Wong, V. C. (2019). The effects of full-day pre-kindergarten: Experimental evidence of impacts on children’s school readiness. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 41(4), 537–562. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F01623737198721972Robin, K. B., Frede, E. C., & Barnett, W. S. (2006). Is more better? The effects of full-day vs. half-day preschool on early school achievement. The National Institute for Early Education Research. https://nieer.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IsMoreBetter.pdf3Ehrlich, S. B., Allensworth, E., & Tansey, J. (2022). Meeting families’ needs: Attendance rates in full-day vs. half-day pre-K. University of Chicago Consortium on School Research. https://consortium.uchicago.edu/publications/meeting-families-needs4Malik, R. (2018). The effects of universal preschool in Washington, D.C. Children’s learning and mothers’ earnings. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/effects-universal-preschool-washington-d-c/5National Center for Education Statistics. (2018). Table 202.20. Percentage of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children enrolled in preprimary programs, by level of program, attendance status, and selected child and family characteristics: 2018. Digest of Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_202.20.asp 6Office of Civil Rights. (2016). 2013-2014 Civil Rights Data Collection: A first look. U.S. Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/crdc-2013-14.html